Volatile Constituents in Aerial Part of Kelussia odoratissima from West of Iran

Introduction

There is at present increasing interest in the dusty and in scientific research for the essential oils and various extracts of plants as sources of natural products [1]. Herbs have been used for a large range of purpose including medicine, nutrition, flavoring, beverages, dyeing, repellents, fragrances, cosmetics, charms, smoking and

industrial uses. the importance of antioxidants in the maintenance of health and in protection from the damage induced by oxidative stress ( implicated in the risk of chronic diseases) ,is coming to the forefront of dietary recommendations, the development of functional foods and the extraction of novel potentially therapeutic

compounds from medicinal plants. Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. is a sweet-smelling, self-growing plant which is traditionally consumed in Iran as a garnish. Little. Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff., locally called ‘‘Karafskoohi in Iran, is commonly used in some parts of Iran as a popular garnish. It is also used as a folk medicine to treat hypertension, inflammation, ulcer, and cardiovascular diseases. The United Nations Developing Programme (UNDP) has recently announced Kelussia as an endangered plant and, therefore, investigations aimed at promoting its regular cultivation receive financial support from relevant bodies. The aim of this study was to determine the potential ability of K. odoratissima M. to postpone oxidation

in model systems (in vitro) and in accelerated oxidation systems using sunflower oil[2].

Plant material

Kelussia odoratissima  leaves were collected from Zagrous maintain in May 2010 and dried at 25–30 °C for 3 days without applying any heat treatment to minimize the loss of active components

Chemicals and Reagents

Helium, 99.999%, used as carrier gas was purchased from Roham Gas Company (Tehran, Iran). Alkane mixture consisting of the C8-C20 alkanes (concentration of 40 mg/mL in hexane) was purchased from Fluka. All other chemicals were of the highest purity available from Merck or Fluka. Doubly distilled deionized water was used.

 

GC analysis GC analyses were carried out on a Shimutzu 17A gas chromatograph equipped with a FID and a BP-5 capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm; 0.25 m film thickness). The oven temperature was held at 60 °C for 3 min then programmed at 5°C /min to 300 °C. Other operating conditions were as follows: carrier gas, He with a flow rate of 5 ml/min; injector temperature, 230; detector temperature, 300 °C; split ratio, 1:8.

GC-MS analysis

GC/MS analyses were performed on a Agilent 6890series GC system   coupled with Agilent 5973 Network Mass selective detector  Mass system and a  BP-5 capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm; 0.25 m film thickness). The operating conditions were the same conditions as described above but the carrier gas was He. Mass spectra were taken at 70 eV. Mass range was from m/z 50–500 amu.  Quantitative data were obtained from the electronic integration of the FID peak areas. The components of the oils were identified by comparison of their mass spectra and retention indices with those published in the literature [3] and presented in the MS computer library (WILEY229.L and NIST 1988).

Identification of compounds

Retention indices were calculated by using retention

times of n-alkanes that were injected after the oils under the same chromatographic condition. The components were identified by comparison of their mass spectra with the Wiley library, or with the published mass spectra. The quantification of each compound was based on peak area method without using correction factor.

Qualitative and quantitative analyses

Most constituents were identified by gas chromatography through comparison of their retention indices (RIs) with those of the literature [4-6] or with those of authentic compounds available in our laboratories. The retention indices (RIs)   were determined in relation to a homologous series of n-alkanes (C8–C24) under the same operating conditions. Further identification was made by comparison of their mass spectra on both columns with those stored in NIST 98 and Wiley 5 Libraries or with mass spectra from literature [7]. Component relative concentrations were calculated based on GC peak areas without using correction factors.

Table 1: Composition of the essential oil of Kelussia odoratissima

References

1. A. Zargari, Medicinal Plants, vol. 4,4th edn., page 120, Tehran University Press, (1992).
2. A. Ghahreman, Flora of Iran. vol. 18, no. 2243, Research Institute of Forest and Rangelands and TehranUniversity Press, (1995).
3. Fatemeh Ahmadi, Mahdi Kadivar ,  Mohammad Shahedi Antioxidant activity of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. in model and food systems     food chem.. 105 , 2007, 57-64
4. Adams RP., Identification of essential oils components by gas chromatography/quadrupole mass spectroscopy , Allured Publishing Corporation, Illinois, USA 2001
5. EightPeak Index of Mass Spectra. 2nd edn., Mass Spectrometry Data Center Reading, UK, (1974).
6. W. Jennings and J. Shibamoto, Qualitative Analysis of Flavour and Fragrance Volatile by Capillary Gas Chromatography. Academic Press. New York (1980)
7. N. W. Davies, Gas Chromatographie Retention Indices of Monoterpenes and Sesquiterpenes on Methyl Silicone and Carbowax 2OM Phases. J. Chromatogr., 503, 1-24 (1990).

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