Volume 30, Number 2

A Cloud Point Extraction to Comparative Determination of Mercury (II) in Various Water Samples by the Spectrophotometric Method

A Comparative Study on In/Ga Doping Effects of Adsorption NH3 on Surface Electrostatic Potential of (6,0) Boron-nitride Nanotube: A DFT Investigation

Determination of Bendamustine Hydrochloride in Pure and Dosage Forms by Ion-Associative Complex Formation

Introduction Bendamustine hydrochloride {(4-{5-[bis-(2-chloroethyl) amino]-1-methyl-1Hbenzimidazol-2-yl} butanoic acid)} (Fig. 1) is a bifunctional alkylating agent  that is used to treat chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and non-Hodgkin lymphomaand may be used for other types of cancer1,2...

Recent trends in the characterization of microbial exopolysaccharides

Introduction The polysaccharides are therapeutically potential molecules that have drawn increasing attention of the researchers in last decades due to their constructive physicochemical and biological properties. For instance, starch, pectin guar gum suppress colon...

In silico Molecular Docking of Lavandula Angustifolia Mill’s compounds along with a number of antianxiety Drugs with GABAA receptor for reduce stress

INTRODUCTION Background Automated molecular docking methods have frequently been used to predict energetically favorable conformations and orientations of ligands in the structure of proteins. These methods combine search algorithms to generate different dockings and...

Thermodynamic Proton – Ligand Satability Constants in Dioxane – Water Media, Pka , Δg0, Δ H0 And Δ S0 , Values for 1, 3 – Disubstituted Barbituric Acid

INTRODUCTION Barbituric acid are have found immense analytical and medicinal applications1-6. However, such applications necessitate a precise knowledge of their protonation constants. Recently, several analogous compounds have been synthesised by the introduction of substituent...

Assignment of oxidation states of metal ions in Zinc and Cadmium dithiocarbamate complexes and their adducts

INTRODUCTION The bond valence sum method is popular method in coordination chemistry to estimate the oxidation states of atoms. This method relates the bond lengths around a metal center to its oxidation state. Historically...

Spectrophotometric determination of Mercury (II) by simultaneous micelle mediated extraction through ternary complex formation in water samples

INTRODUCTION Nowadays, in such an industrial world one of the most important concerns is securing the health of human race. The harmful effects of mercury and organomercury species are well known. Disastrous effects, both on personal...

Synthesis of Coumarin Derivatives Using Glutamic Acid Under Solvent-Free Conditions

INTRODUCTION Multicomponent reactions are efficient methods in thesynthesis of heterocycles. In Multicomponent reactions synthesis to produce massive amounts of waste,according to the isolation of the complex, toxic and hazardous solvent at each step andwill...

Synthesis of flavanones using methane sulphonic acid as a green catalyst and comparision under different conditions

Introduction Natural  products includes alkaloids,terpenoids, coumarins,amino acid derivatives and flavonoids. Flavonoids are found in plant as a secondary metabolite acts as defence from bacteria and viruses.They also acts as coluring agent in flowers to...

A Novel Synthesis of Biscoumarin Derivatives Catalyzed by Zncl2 Under Solvent-Free Conditions

Introduction Biscoumarin and its derivatives are of considerable interest due to their biological activities such as  urease inhibitors1, HIV inhibitory activity 2, anticoagulant activity 3, treatment of thrombosis 4. From among various catalyst for synthesis...

One-Pot Synthesis of 1,8-Dioxo-Octahydroxanthene Derivatives Using Zn(No3)2 Under Solvent-Free Conditions

 INTRODUCTION Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) refers to a reaction in which two or more ingredients are combined within a single process and the products they create, which is part of all the components are present1-3....

The Physico-Chemical and Solvolytic Study of Alprazolam Drug in Ethanol at 303 K

Introduction Alprazolam is a triazolobenzodiazepine compound with antianxiety and sedative-hypnotic actions, that is efficacious in the treatment of panic disorders, with or without agoraphobia and in generalized anxiety disorders.It is marketed under the trade...

3-Hydroxy-3-n-Propyl-1-(4-Sulphonamidophenyl) Triazene: A New Reagent for Spectrophotometric Determination of Nickel (Ii)

Introduction A number of hydroxytriazenes1-7 have been used as spectrophotometric as well as metalochromic indicators. We report here spectrophotmetric determination of Nickel (II) using one such hydroxytriazene, 3-hydroxy-3-n-propyl-1-(4-sulphonamidophenyl) triazene. Experimental 3 – Hydroxy –...

An Efficient an One-Pot Method for Synthesis of 2-Aryl-(3H)-4-Quinazolinones Derivatives Catalyzed by SSA

Introduction Natural compounds with quinazolinestructural motif have been identified to display a wide range of biological activities. The prominent potencies associated with quinazoline containing compounds are their anticancer,anti-inflammatory, anthelmintic, analgesic, and anticonvulsive activities1-5.we now...

Presentation Entanglement states and its application in quantum computation

Introduction In quantum mechanics theory we can see the entanglement phenomena which are include two particles( photon or electron) in a separated space but their properties are related together in some way, at first...

Determination of trace metals in the bark root of Phyllanthus emblica (L.,)

INTRODUCTION Phyllanthus emblica Linn.  known as Indian gooseberry belongs to family Euphorbiaceae. It is a very richest source of vitamin C1 found in abundant amount in deciduous forest of Madhya Pradesh. It is common...

Effect of Iodide on the Corrosion Inhibitive Behaviour on Carbon steel by an Azomethine Compound Derived from Anthracene-9(10 H)-one

Introduction An effective method employed by corrosion engineers to control the corrosion of metal is the use of certain organic inhibitors1. Organic molecules possessing azomethine linkage (C=N) act as effective potential corrosion inhibitors2-6. The...

Chemical Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles

Introduction Copper nanoparticles have great interest due to their optical, catalytic, mechanical and electrical properties. Copper is a good alternative material for noble metals such as Au and Ag as it is highly conductive...

Prediction of Drug Lipophilicity Using Back Propagation Artificial Neural Network Modeling

Introduction The n-octanol/water partition coefficient is the ratio of the concentration of a chemical in n-octanol to that in water in a two-phase system at equilibrium. The logarithm of this coefficient, logPo/w, has been...

QTAIM and NBO Analysis of a New Oxidative Salt Of1,1/-(Ethane-1, 2-Diyl) Dipyridiniumbisiodate

INTRODUCTION Iodate is typically used in tropical climates, due to its good resistance to oxidation [1].The iodate anion has the capability to oxidize various functional groups.A diversity of salts with this anion, such as...

Kinetic Isotherm of Amoxicillin Antibiotic through Adsorption and its Removal by Electrocoagulation

Introduction Amoxicillin is a moderate-spectrum (3-lactam antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. From an environmental engineering point of view, pharmaceuticals such    as antibiotics are a new group of man made...

Novel Highly Flexible Wormlike Micelles Formed by Cetylpyridinium Chloride and Trioxyethylene Monododecyl Ether Surfactants

INTRODUCTION Surfactant molecules in aqueous solution self-assemble to form a variety of microstructures such as spherical micelles, wormlike micelles, vesicles and liquid crystals [1-5]. These different aggregation structures have characteristic rheological properties [6-8]. Giant...

Cobalt(II) Chloride Catalyzed One Pot Synthesis of 2-Substituted and 3-Substituted-4(3H)-Quinazolinones

INTRODUCTION The quinazolinone core and its derivatives form an important class of compounds, as they are present in a large family of products with broad biological activities. 4(3H)-quinazolinones are versatile nitrogen heterocyclic compounds, displaying...

Synthesis of 5- [(11Substituted Phenothiazinoacetyl) Semicarbazidothio-Semicarbazido]-2- Oxo/Thiobarbiuric Acid as Anticonvulsant Agents

INTRODUCTION Research in the field of barbituric acid derivatives has yielded a number of clinically useful anticonvulsant drugs. 10H- Phenothiazine nucleus has gained prominance due to its diverse activities like-anticonvulsant,1-6antinflammatory7and cardiovascular8. The introduction of...

Quantum mechanical investigation of bond gaps of π-acceptor complex alone and affected nanoring field

INTRODUCTION There has been a noticeable regard in experimental researches of BnNm nanoring. BnNn have been provided by reaction of BCl3 with NH3 in a laser beam [1,2]. The experimental data of synthesis and...

A Survey of the Effect of Some Heavy Metals in Plant on the Composition Of The Essential Oils Close to Veshnaveh-Qom Mining Area

INTRODUCTION The plants for growing need relatively low amount of mental ions. Natural soil consists of great amount of metal elements. Despite the selective absorption in root cellular membrane, it is possible a few...

Efficacy of micronutrients in influencing growth behavior of Rhizobium of Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L. [Millsp.])

INTRODUCTION Trace  elements  are  essential  for  key  physiological  activity  of  photosynthesis and  respiration1.  Metals  such  as copper,  zinc  comprise  as  trace elements  for  redox  process  to  balance  molecules  through  electrostatic interaction, as  a  part...

Extractive Spectrophotometric Determination of Mirtazapine in Pure and Pharmaceutical Forms

INTRODUCTION Mirtazapine, chemically, 1,2,3,4,10,14b-hexahydro-2-methyl pyrazino [2,1-a] pyrido [2,3-c] benzazepine (I) has a tetracyclic chemical structure and belongs to the piperazine-azepine group of compounds. It is a potent antagonist of histamine (H1) receptors, a property...

2-{2″-Carbomyl-5″-[3′-Amino-2′-Methylmono/Dihalosubstituted Quinazolin-4′(3’h)-Onomethylene]-1″,3″,4″-Oxadiazol-2″-Yl}-4,5-Dihydroimidazolines as Potential Antihypertensive Agents

INTRODUCTION Research in the field of imidazoline derivatives has yielded a number of clinically useful anti-hypertensive drugs. Imidazoline derivatives of different heterocyclic nucleus have shown potent pharmacological properties like antiinflammatory1. analgesic2, CNS-depressant3, anticonvulsant4 and...

Isolation and characterization of flavone from the aerial parts of Avicennia alba Blume

INTRODUCTION Plant-based drugs play an important role in both traditional and modern system of medicine1. Now a day, plant extracts are used in traditional system of medicine and still continue to provide health coverage...

An Eco-Friendly System for Oximation of Organic Carbonyl Compounds Under Microwave Irradiation

Introduction Microwave irradiation as an unconventional energy source has been widely used to carry out many kinds of chemical reactions. Many reviews and papers have demonstrated its importance. It is now clear that the...

Zn(BH4)2/Ultrasonic Irradiation: An Efficient System for Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds to their Corresponding Alcohols

Introduction Zn(BH4)2 is a non-conventional hydride transferring agent which has been reported as an efficient chemo-, regio- and stereoselective reducing agent in several complex substrates. It is moderately stable in ethereal solution which can...

Synthesis and Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Dodecyl Trimethyl Ammonium and N-(N, N-Dimethylamino) Propyl Glucosylamine

INTRODUCTION Development of pathogen bacteria and mycotoxicogen fungi in food constitute a danger for humanity. These harmful microorganisms can be major source of food toxi-infection leading to different human diseases. For instance Salmonella and...

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Phenyl Acetic Acid and Dl-Mandelic Acid by Permanganate in Acid Medium

INTRODUCTION A survey of literature shows that reports on kinetics of oxidation of Phenyl acetic acid and DL-Mandelic acid by various oxidants are well documented1-22. But it clearly indicates that there is no comparative...

Eosin Removal Properties of Organo-Local Clay from Aqueous Solution

Introduction Many industries use dyes in order to color their products, and consume huge amount of water, resulting to a considerable generation of amount of colored wastewater. The presence of undesirable colored dyes results...

Functionalization of carboxylated multiwall nanotubes with dapsone derivatives and study of their antibacterial activities against E.coli and S. aureus

Introduction Antimicrobial resistance is fast becoming a major problem with rapid increases in multidrug-resistant bacteria (Saha et al., 2009). In general, bacteria have the genetic ability to send and acquire resistance to drugs, which...

A Physical Model of the Interphase Boundary of the Passivating Layer on the Metal in the Electrolyte Solutions

Introduction The mechanism of processes on the interphase boundary of the passivating oxide layer PL has a fundamental value, whereas, the properties of the passivating layer are determined by them.In this paper a consistent...

Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel Indol compounds containing 2-azitidinones and 1,3,4 oxadiazoles

INTRODUCTION 1,3,4,-Oxadiazoles are five membered heterocycles having two nitrogen atoms and one   oxygen atom. 1,3,4-oxadiazoles belong to the group of heterocycles that have been attracting  attention for last two decades due to their wide...

Nmr and Ftir analysis of overheated cooking oil

INTRODUCTION Oils are one of natural compounds widely used by human for both social and economical issues. Due to their various origins, oils are chemically different so that their uses are also variable. Food...

Synthesis of Bio-Ethanol from Corn Stalk by Fermentation Process

Introduction Generally, bioethanol converted from edible sources is called first generation bioethanol (FGB). However, the drawback of FGB is that it stems from edible feed stock utilized, which include corn and sugarcane [1]. The...

Determination of Mineral Content in Indian Spices by ICP-OES

Introduction  Spices refer to all of the edible parts of a plant used for flavoring or coloring foods, including fruit, seed, root, bark or vegetable substance [1]. Some are often used as preservative against...

Thermodynamic Investigation of Tripeptide Tyr-Aaa-Gly in Gas Phase in Different Solvent

Introduction Adamantane is a highly lipophilic compounde, it is readily soluble in organic solvents, sublimes at 209-212 oC, crystallizes at –30 oC and melts in sealed tubes at 268 oC. The unique structure of...

Synthesis of 4-propionyl-3-(4-substitutedphenylamino)- 2-(5-Nitropyridin-2-yl) isoxazol-5(2H)-ones and Their Rearrangements to Imidazo [1,2- a] pyridines and Indoles with Triethylamine (TEA)

Introduction Khalafy et al. recently reported1 that the reaction of 2-aryl-3-phenylaminoisoxazolones 1, substituted on nitrogen with an isoquinoline or quinazoline group, react with triethylamine to give Imidazo annelated compounds 2 and 3 respectively (Scheme...

Carotenoid Contents in Anoxygenic Phototrophic Purple Bacteria, Marichromatium Sp. and Rhodopseudomonas Sp. of Tropical Environment, Malaysia

INTRODUCTION Carotenoids are a class of unsaturated hydrocarbons and their oxygenated derivatives, which consist of eight isoprenoid units (Cogdell& Frank, 1987). Generally,the photosynthetic organisms lacking carotenoids, the cell will die. Theapplication of carotenoids as...

A Study of Quantum Information and Quantum Computers

INTRODUCTION a way that can be used to transfer the quantum information from the quantum states such as linear polarization and rounded photon , electron spin or neutron and etc , can be used...

A Sensitive Voltammetric Sensor for Determination of Glutathione Based on Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes Paste Electrode Incorporating Pyrogallol Red

INTRODUCTION In researches a wide variety of modifiers nanomaterials have been used with Carbon paste electrode1-10. MWCNTs used as a proper sample for the modification of electrodes because fascinating properties such as high chemical...

The One-Step Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyrano[F]Chromene Derivatives in Under Grinding as an Environmentally Friendly Alternative

introduction There has been considerable interest in chromenes and their benzoderivatives, not least because of their value for a variety of industrial, biological, and chemical synthetic uses.1 As a result, a large number of...

Study on Growth and Optical, Scintillation Properties of Thallium Doped Cesium Iodide –Scintillator Crystal

Nano Tio2: An Efficient Catalyst for the synthesis of Biscoumarins in Aqueous Medium

INTRODUCTION Coumarin derivatives and especially biscoumarins have long been the subject of numerous studies on account of their pharmacological and biological properties1-7. Compounds with these ring system have diverse pharmaceutical activities such as antioxidant,...

Removal of azo dye from aqueous solutions using chitosan

Introduction The chemical contamination of water from a wide range of toxic derivatives is an important environmental problem [1]. Synthetic dyes usually have a complex aromatic molecular structure, which possibly comes from coal-tar based...

U.V., E.P.R. and X.R.D. Spectral Analysis of Bromo Mn(II) tetra seleniazide complex

INTRODUCTION The complexes of halogenated derivative of Se4N4 have been reported 1,2 .  The adducts of Se4N3Cl with urea, thiourea, hydrazine and phenyl hydrazine have also been synthesized and reported 3,4. The Mass  and...

Synthesis and Characterization of Chromium Oxide Nanoparticles

Introduction Transition metal oxide NPs have many applications as catalyst [1-5], sensors [6-9], superconductors [10-11] and adsorbents [12-13]. Metal-oxides constitute an important class of materials that are involved in environmental science, electrochemistry, biology, chemical...

Magnetite nanoparticle green synthesis from Canola oil

Aims and Background Physical substances with at least one characteristic dimension between 1-150 nm can be defined as nanomaterials. Nanomaterials properties can differ from those of the same materials with micron- or mm-scale dimensions....

Corrosion Inhibition of Aluminum in 0.5 M HCl by Garlic aqueous extract

Introduction Corrosion of metals is mainly due to an irreversible oxidation–reduction reaction, where an oxidizing agent in an environment attacks the metal. An electrochemical reaction is a chemical transformation that implies charge transport at...

Removal of Congo Red and Acid Yellow 36 Dye Using Orange Peel and Rice Husk as Absorbent

Introduction Concerns for environmental crisis began during second half of 20th century due to various factors and undesirable experiences. The past mistakes from over-utilization of natural resources and harnessing the forces of nature for...

Biodiesel Production from used Cooking Oil

Introduction Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel which is environment-friendly, practicably efficient, economically feasible and readily available. It consists of mono alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal...

Preliminary Study of Zinc Removal from Cyanide-free Alkaline Electroplating Effluent by Precipitation Using Oxalis Plants

Introduction Today,developed industries can use more than 40% of total water, leading to more water quality problems. The metal pollutants can originate from a variety of sources: Metal finishing and electroplating processes. The plating...

Bioethanol Production from Sugarcane Bagasse using Fermentation Process

Introduction Bioethanol is simply ethanol is a renewable energy source which is made by fermenting the sugar and starch components of plant. It is produced from the agricultural product such as corn, sugarcane, potatoes,...

Water Test Using NanoCrystalline Electrodes TiO2

Introduction Application of photocatalystsas a complement and replacement technology, have been widely reported for treatment of polluted waters1-2. Use of TiO2 as a suspension or in aqueous kind reactor, need an extra stage for...

Antioxidant Capacity and Lipophilic Constitution of Alternanthera bettzickiana flower extract

INTRODUCTION Alternanthera Forsk1,2, belonging to the family Amaranthaceae and comprising of ca. 80 species3, is a genus of evergreen, perennial herbs that are native to tropical and sub-tropical regions. The taxa occur abundantly in...

Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) as a biocatalyst for reduction of nitroaromatic compounds

INTRODUCTION Nitroaromatic compounds are released into the biosphere in the form of chemical or biological waste, but others, that are used as synthetic intermediates, pesticides, explosives, antibiotics, etc. 1-2. Although a few nitroaromatic compounds...

Distributions of Dissolved Toxic Elements During Seasonal Variation in Kuantan River, Pahang, Malaysia

INTRODUCTION Heavy metals have five times greater mass thanthe water and therefore may produce positive ions in solution. Several metallic elements play an important role in living organisms in fulfilling physiological role and also...

A Facile Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Some Fused Pyrimidine Derivatives

INTRODUCTION Pyrimidines and fused pyrimidines compounds, are a big family of the heterocyclic compounds, which have been focus of great interest because of their wide range of biological and pharmacological activities as antibacterial and...

Studying the Effect of Nicl2 Addition on the Optical Properties of Synthesized Chitosan

Introduction In recent years, polymers with different optical properties have been attracted much attentions due to their applications in the sensors 1, light-emitting diodes 2–4, and others 5, 6. The optical properties of these...

Activated Carbon Prepared From Orange Peels Coated With Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles: Characterization and Applications in the Decomposition of Nox

INTRODUCTION Research on pollutants and their sources that are emitted to the environment are very varied. The scientists must propose solutions to this problematic, which is an topic that today is a problem of...

Chlorophyll as a simple, inexpensive and environment-friendly colorimetric indicator for NO2 gas

INTRODUCTION Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is one of the prevalent oxide species of nitrogen in the atmosphere collectively known as NOx. It is characterized by a reddish-brown color with a pungent irritating odor. This pollutant...

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Potent Antimicrobial Agents of Flavanone Derivatives

INTRODUCTION Flavanones, which exhibited broad spectrum of biological activities, have long attracted the interest of chemists. The most commonly reported biological activities include neuron protection, anti-tumor, anti-metastasis, anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-viral activities1-8. Flavanones,...

Synthesis of Precursor Imidazolium Salts for the Synthesis of N-Heterocyclic Carbines Used as Ligands for the Enantioselective Preparation of Heterosteroids Compounds

INTRODUCTION Since the discovery of the first N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes in 1968 by Öfele[1] and by Wanzlick[2] and the isolation of the first stable free carbene in 1991 by Arduengo. A et al.,[3]...

Complex Permittivity and Permeability Measurements and Numerical Simulation of carbonyl iron rubber in X-Band frequency

Introduction Efficient and broadband measurements for complex permittivity, ε*, and permeability, μ*, of materials are of great interest in scientific and industrial applications. Measurement of ε*and μ* in the microwave frequency range finds direct application,...

Synthesis of novel xylofuranosyloxymethyl nucleosides

INTRODUCTION The chemistry of nucleosides1 was revolutionized after the discovery of modified nucleosides2 as effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of AIDS and cancer.3,4 Examples of modified nucleosides approved by US Food and Drug...

The Irradiation of CO2 Ice at 30 K with Low Energy Ions

Introduction One of the intriguing scientific questions is: how molecules in the circumstellar disk and interstellar medium (ISM) are formed? Currently we know that there are over 195 (http://www.astrochymist.org/astrochymist_ism.html) molecules in these large scale...