Kinetic Study of Dyeing Acrylic Fabrics With Basic Dyes in Presence of Organic Solvents

A. M. Gamal¹, M. El-Batouti* and N. F. Al-Harby²

¹Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Girls) Cairo (Egypt).

²Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Alexandria University, Cairo (Egypt).

³Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts, Al Qassim University, Al-Qassim (Saudi Arabia).

The kinetic of dyeing acrylic fibers with basic dyes in the presence of small amounts of the solvents butanol and 1-4 Dioxane has been studied. The time of half-dyeing was taken as a measure of the rate of dyeing, which was found to decrease with increasing concentration of the solvent in the dye bath. Although acrylic has an additional problem of difficult dye penetration due to its relatively compact physical structure. For a given dye/fiber system, the dye uptake is controlled by several experimental parameters such as temperature, initial dye concentration, and diffusion coefficient. Addition of organic solvents may modify the structure of fabrics causing an increase in the dye ability. Using the three basic dyes (C.I. Basic Red 12, C.I. Basic Orange 21, and C.I. Basic Violet10) , the rate of dye uptakes was studied in absence and presence of the above additives at different time intervals and temperatures (80,90,95 oC). The obtained results indicate that the dye uptake increases under the different conditions mentioned. The rate of dyeing is closely related to the diffusion behavior of acrylic fabric. The dyeing rate increases with increasing diffusion coefficient of the dye. The calculated activation energy in presence of solvent gave another evidence for this conclusion. The dye uptake in all cases was found to increase linearly with decrease in the glass transition temperature of the acrylic fibers.

Basic dyes; acrylic fibers; Butanol; 1-4 Dioxane; Kinetic studies